Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
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Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
Anemometer; An anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed and direction. It is also a common weather station instrument. The term is derived from the Greek word anemos, which means wind, and is used to describe any wind speed instrument used in meteorology. Wikipedia
“Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery that mediocrity can pay to greatness.” Oscar Wilde
Witness the PLA(Navy) ship Shandong:-
Although locating these sensors outboard and off the stbd bow
This location of these sensors were not always without problem or tragedy
“Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery that mediocrity can pay to greatness.” Oscar Wilde
Witness the PLA(Navy) ship Shandong:-
Although locating these sensors outboard and off the stbd bow
This location of these sensors were not always without problem or tragedy
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Last edited by Little h on Sat Jan 11, 2020 2:56 am, edited 3 times in total.
Little h
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Re: Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
QEC Carriers; When one is simply just not sufficient:-
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Re: Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
QEC Carriers - (continued)
But.... also note that during the mid December 2019 launch of an F35B whilst QNLZ (R08) was moored in Portsmouth Harbour, the two Anemometers appear to remain covered, see:-
But.... also note that during the mid December 2019 launch of an F35B whilst QNLZ (R08) was moored in Portsmouth Harbour, the two Anemometers appear to remain covered, see:-
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Re: Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
USS Spruance (DDG 111) - (Moriah MWS system(s) helps the preparation for Lasar weapons)
Modern COTS equipment qualified to naval military standards, the digital Moriah Wind System (MWS) has been developed to replace the Type F Windbird Sensors, Data Distribution equipment and Displays on all classes of US naval ships, enabling accurate wind information to be displayed in the same format throughout the fleet.
Excerpt from; AGI Aeronautical & General Instruments Limited 4 page PDF brochure on MORIAH Digital Wind System
NPS Research Brings Navy One Step Closer to Laser-Equipped Destroyers
Attachment derived from an image in DVIDS Defense Visual Information Distribution Service
Text associated with the image reads:-
MONTEREY, CA, UNITED STATES
06.29.2018
Photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Ryan McLearnon
Naval Postgraduate School
Members of NPS’ Directed Energy Research Group went to sea in late June to measure turbulence in field conditions aboard the USS Spruance (DDG 111) off the coast of San Diego, and the data they collected will help estimate the performance of high-energy lasers.
Modern COTS equipment qualified to naval military standards, the digital Moriah Wind System (MWS) has been developed to replace the Type F Windbird Sensors, Data Distribution equipment and Displays on all classes of US naval ships, enabling accurate wind information to be displayed in the same format throughout the fleet.
Excerpt from; AGI Aeronautical & General Instruments Limited 4 page PDF brochure on MORIAH Digital Wind System
NPS Research Brings Navy One Step Closer to Laser-Equipped Destroyers
Attachment derived from an image in DVIDS Defense Visual Information Distribution Service
Text associated with the image reads:-
MONTEREY, CA, UNITED STATES
06.29.2018
Photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Ryan McLearnon
Naval Postgraduate School
Members of NPS’ Directed Energy Research Group went to sea in late June to measure turbulence in field conditions aboard the USS Spruance (DDG 111) off the coast of San Diego, and the data they collected will help estimate the performance of high-energy lasers.
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Re: Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
USS Spruance (DDG 111) - (Moriah MWS system(s) helps the preparation for Lasar weapons) - (continued)
NPS Research Brings Navy One Step Closer to Laser-Equipped Destroyers
Matthew Schehl and Khaboshi Imbukwa | September 25, 2018
Members of NPS’ Directed Energy Research Group went to sea in late June to measure turbulence in field conditions aboard the USS Spruance (DDG 111) off the coast of San Diego, and the data they collected will help estimate the performance of high-energy lasers (HELs).
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Unlike firing a laser from a fixed position on land, turbulence around a ship rolling through the waves presents significant challenges to accurately firing an HEL. The metal of a ship sitting in the sun constantly absorbs and releases heat which, along with the complex airflow over the superstructure, creates uneven, small-scale micro-turbulence around the vessel.
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They then spent the week of June 25-29 aboard the USS Spruance collecting data.
“We used sonic anemometers to record temperatures and wind speeds, we recorded solar flux, we recorded temperatures using very high-speed thermocouples, we used a radiometer to remotely sense temperature using [InfraRed], and we copied the ship’s logs for sea temperature,” Busby said.
_______________________________________________
Source; (from whence the 3 x short excerpts are taken) NPS Naval Postgraduate School
(open link to read the interesting article in full)
NPS Research Brings Navy One Step Closer to Laser-Equipped Destroyers
Matthew Schehl and Khaboshi Imbukwa | September 25, 2018
Members of NPS’ Directed Energy Research Group went to sea in late June to measure turbulence in field conditions aboard the USS Spruance (DDG 111) off the coast of San Diego, and the data they collected will help estimate the performance of high-energy lasers (HELs).
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Unlike firing a laser from a fixed position on land, turbulence around a ship rolling through the waves presents significant challenges to accurately firing an HEL. The metal of a ship sitting in the sun constantly absorbs and releases heat which, along with the complex airflow over the superstructure, creates uneven, small-scale micro-turbulence around the vessel.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
They then spent the week of June 25-29 aboard the USS Spruance collecting data.
“We used sonic anemometers to record temperatures and wind speeds, we recorded solar flux, we recorded temperatures using very high-speed thermocouples, we used a radiometer to remotely sense temperature using [InfraRed], and we copied the ship’s logs for sea temperature,” Busby said.
_______________________________________________
Source; (from whence the 3 x short excerpts are taken) NPS Naval Postgraduate School
(open link to read the interesting article in full)
Little h
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Re: Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
More on the AGI (Aeronautical & General Instruments Ltd) systems - also home of previously linked MORIAH system
AGIMET SHIPS SOLID-STATE METEOROLOGICAL SYSTEM
AGIMET is a meteorological measurement system designed for naval ships, which employs the latest proven and in-service solid-state meteorological sensor technology. These sensors provide accurate and reliable measurement of wind speed and direction, air temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, sea temperature and other local environmental parameters, resulting in very low cost of ownership.
The equipment is suitable for all classes of ship as the main ship’s wind sensors, or for localised flight deck measurements. In addition to our full military standard meteorological system, AGI also offers a marine commercial standard system.
Excerpt (above) copied from Naval Technology
______________________________________________________________________________
16 page PDF titled AGI - Naval Brochure very readable IMHO
QEC Carriers - 7 x Sonic Anemometers - click on the attached images for clear viewing/reading
View of QNLZ R08 from dead ahead at sea level
Aft Island - hydraulic folding/tilting mast with 2 x sonic anemometers
Fwd Island - 'port & stbd yardarms' each with a sonic anemometer mounted outboard
Aft Island - 1 x sonic anemometer mounted on a bracket attached to the aft facing bulwark
AGIMET SHIPS SOLID-STATE METEOROLOGICAL SYSTEM
AGIMET is a meteorological measurement system designed for naval ships, which employs the latest proven and in-service solid-state meteorological sensor technology. These sensors provide accurate and reliable measurement of wind speed and direction, air temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, sea temperature and other local environmental parameters, resulting in very low cost of ownership.
The equipment is suitable for all classes of ship as the main ship’s wind sensors, or for localised flight deck measurements. In addition to our full military standard meteorological system, AGI also offers a marine commercial standard system.
Excerpt (above) copied from Naval Technology
______________________________________________________________________________
16 page PDF titled AGI - Naval Brochure very readable IMHO
QEC Carriers - 7 x Sonic Anemometers - click on the attached images for clear viewing/reading
View of QNLZ R08 from dead ahead at sea level
Aft Island - hydraulic folding/tilting mast with 2 x sonic anemometers
Fwd Island - 'port & stbd yardarms' each with a sonic anemometer mounted outboard
Aft Island - 1 x sonic anemometer mounted on a bracket attached to the aft facing bulwark
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Last edited by Little h on Mon Jan 20, 2020 2:00 am, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
More on the AGI Ltd systems - also home of previously linked MORIAH system - (continued)
AGIMET SHIPS SOLID-STATE METEOROLOGICAL SYSTEM
Type 45 Destroyers - 2 x Sonic Anemometers
Duncan (D37) open to visitors in Liverpool 26th June 2016
Dragon (D35) (open to visitors in Liverpool 28th April 2012)
Note the routing of the feed cable through the 'open box bracket base' on the Dragon (D35) - compared with the 'tidy' routing via/through the 'dropped' square box section extension to the yardarm on which Duncan (D37) sonic anemometers are mounted.
AGIMET SHIPS SOLID-STATE METEOROLOGICAL SYSTEM
Type 45 Destroyers - 2 x Sonic Anemometers
Duncan (D37) open to visitors in Liverpool 26th June 2016
Dragon (D35) (open to visitors in Liverpool 28th April 2012)
Note the routing of the feed cable through the 'open box bracket base' on the Dragon (D35) - compared with the 'tidy' routing via/through the 'dropped' square box section extension to the yardarm on which Duncan (D37) sonic anemometers are mounted.
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Re: Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
Like many of my threads/posts in this section, readers could easily/readily dismiss the highlighted pieces of equipment as piffling/puny/inconsequential in the overall scheme of things ..... not so ..... take a look at the importance of the siting of anemometers on ships not yet even built.
4.Assessment of air flow at anemometer positionsAs well as impacting directly onto the helicopter, the disturbed flow of the ship’s airwake also affects the accuracy of the ship’s anemometers. As shown earlier in Figure 1, the safe operational envelope for the helicopter is defined by the SHOL. The boundaries of the SHOL are determined by at-sea flight trials where test pilots fly repeated deck landings at differentwind angles and wind speeds to find the limiting conditions at which it is safe for a fleet pilottolaunch and recover the helicopter. While the wind speed and direction during the trials are usually measured by dedicated temporary anemometers mounted on tall masts at the bow of the ship, in an attempt to avoid the ship’s airwake, the readingshave to be correlatedwith the ship’s own anemometers, and for every sortie afterwards it will be the ship’s anemometers that measure the wind speed and direction. If the ship’s anemometers are incorrect or unreliable, then the SHOL will not be correctlyspecified in the first instance, and neither will the wind condition be reliably measured for every sortie conducted thereafter.Accurate readings from the ship’s anemometers are therefore essential for a reliable SHOL.The operational parameters for the anemometers are prescribed by Defence Standard 00-133 (2015), extracts from which are shown below.
Anemometers shouldbe:
-positioned in clearair above the edge of the boundary layer created by theship’s superstructure
-located as high aspossible on separate port and starboard yard arms
-in aspace uncluttered by adjacent equipment, facing forwardwith at least 3.0m radius free air space around each anemometer
Accuracy of Indicators should be as follows:
-Wind Speed ± 5% error
-Wind Direction ± 5 degrees error
As was seen earlier in Figure 4, finding a locationon the ship that isoutside of the airwake is difficult, and the trend towards bulky enclosed masts will significantly distort the flow at the traditional anemometer locations on the main mast. Figure 9 showshead-on views of the Type 23 and Type 26 ships, with their anemometer locations identifiedby red squares. The perspective viewsof the two ships are different and in practice the two sets of anemometers are approximately the same height above sea level. The Type 23 anemometerscan be expected to be in less distorted air flow because of the more slender mast and longerforward-facing yardarms on which they are mounted. The larger mast of the Type 26, however, as well as the bigger deck house and the additional equipment ahead of and in the vicinity of the anemometers,can be expected to have a greater influence on the air flow.A more detailed discussion of the aerodynamics of a bulky ship mast has been given by Mateer et al. (2016).
Excerpt copied from page 7 of 11 of the PDF paper titled:-
Superstructure Aerodynamics of the Type 26 Global Combat Ship
RMateer, Dr. SAScott,Prof. IOwen*, Dr.MDWhite
School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, UK
*Corresponding author. Email:i.owen@liv.ac.uk
4.Assessment of air flow at anemometer positionsAs well as impacting directly onto the helicopter, the disturbed flow of the ship’s airwake also affects the accuracy of the ship’s anemometers. As shown earlier in Figure 1, the safe operational envelope for the helicopter is defined by the SHOL. The boundaries of the SHOL are determined by at-sea flight trials where test pilots fly repeated deck landings at differentwind angles and wind speeds to find the limiting conditions at which it is safe for a fleet pilottolaunch and recover the helicopter. While the wind speed and direction during the trials are usually measured by dedicated temporary anemometers mounted on tall masts at the bow of the ship, in an attempt to avoid the ship’s airwake, the readingshave to be correlatedwith the ship’s own anemometers, and for every sortie afterwards it will be the ship’s anemometers that measure the wind speed and direction. If the ship’s anemometers are incorrect or unreliable, then the SHOL will not be correctlyspecified in the first instance, and neither will the wind condition be reliably measured for every sortie conducted thereafter.Accurate readings from the ship’s anemometers are therefore essential for a reliable SHOL.The operational parameters for the anemometers are prescribed by Defence Standard 00-133 (2015), extracts from which are shown below.
Anemometers shouldbe:
-positioned in clearair above the edge of the boundary layer created by theship’s superstructure
-located as high aspossible on separate port and starboard yard arms
-in aspace uncluttered by adjacent equipment, facing forwardwith at least 3.0m radius free air space around each anemometer
Accuracy of Indicators should be as follows:
-Wind Speed ± 5% error
-Wind Direction ± 5 degrees error
As was seen earlier in Figure 4, finding a locationon the ship that isoutside of the airwake is difficult, and the trend towards bulky enclosed masts will significantly distort the flow at the traditional anemometer locations on the main mast. Figure 9 showshead-on views of the Type 23 and Type 26 ships, with their anemometer locations identifiedby red squares. The perspective viewsof the two ships are different and in practice the two sets of anemometers are approximately the same height above sea level. The Type 23 anemometerscan be expected to be in less distorted air flow because of the more slender mast and longerforward-facing yardarms on which they are mounted. The larger mast of the Type 26, however, as well as the bigger deck house and the additional equipment ahead of and in the vicinity of the anemometers,can be expected to have a greater influence on the air flow.A more detailed discussion of the aerodynamics of a bulky ship mast has been given by Mateer et al. (2016).
Excerpt copied from page 7 of 11 of the PDF paper titled:-
Superstructure Aerodynamics of the Type 26 Global Combat Ship
RMateer, Dr. SAScott,Prof. IOwen*, Dr.MDWhite
School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, UK
*Corresponding author. Email:i.owen@liv.ac.uk
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Little h
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Re: Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
Type 23 Frigate; Duke Class - three cup & vane anememeters
It seems that this anemometer type (shown above) is to remain as the standard fit for the class at least for the foreseeable future.
Examples
1) - In the 'as-built' configuration - radar type 996 surmounting the foremast
2) - after a subsequent refit - ARTISAN radar type 997 surmounting the foremast
3) - No AGIMET Sonic anemometers; even after those ships in the class have completed their 'Sea Ceptor' LIFEX refits - the 'cup & vane' anemometers appear to have been retained - see a post LIFEX 'Sea Ceptor' HMS Westminster below:-
HMNB Portsmouth
[urlhttps://twitter.com/HMNBPortsmouth/status/1214946148353490949]@HMNBPortsmouth[/url]
Welcome home @HMS_Westminster!
4:25 pm · 8 Jan 2020
The Type 23 frigate returned this afternoon after spending Christmas and New Year on duty defending the nation's interests.
ARTISAN = Advanced Radar Target Indication Situational Awareness and Navigation
LIFEX = Life Extension
It seems that this anemometer type (shown above) is to remain as the standard fit for the class at least for the foreseeable future.
Examples
1) - In the 'as-built' configuration - radar type 996 surmounting the foremast
2) - after a subsequent refit - ARTISAN radar type 997 surmounting the foremast
3) - No AGIMET Sonic anemometers; even after those ships in the class have completed their 'Sea Ceptor' LIFEX refits - the 'cup & vane' anemometers appear to have been retained - see a post LIFEX 'Sea Ceptor' HMS Westminster below:-
HMNB Portsmouth
[urlhttps://twitter.com/HMNBPortsmouth/status/1214946148353490949]@HMNBPortsmouth[/url]
Welcome home @HMS_Westminster!
4:25 pm · 8 Jan 2020
The Type 23 frigate returned this afternoon after spending Christmas and New Year on duty defending the nation's interests.
ARTISAN = Advanced Radar Target Indication Situational Awareness and Navigation
LIFEX = Life Extension
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Little h
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Re: Anemometers; Wind Measuring Equipment arrays
(click on attachment to read clear text)
Source; screenshot of document page 24 - (PDF page 28 of 86 Page PDF); titled:-
AIR CAPABLE SHIP AVIATION FACILITIES BULLETIN NO. 1K Subj:Air Capable Ship Aviation Facility Certification
issued by:-
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND
47123 BUSE ROAD UNIT IPT
PATUXENT RIVER, MD 20670-1547
NAVAIR LAKEHURST–4.8.2.5
----------------------------------------------------
Links to commercial articles relating to:-
Aerovane Wind Transmitter Model 120 & Aerovane Indicator Model 135
USS Bataan LHD-5
9th Feb 2010
Source wiki commons
9th Feb 2010
Source wiki commons
22nd Oct 2013
Source US Navy Official Page Flickr
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