Replenishment at Sea (RAS and UNREP)

Post here about equipment carried on ships
User avatar
Little h
Posts: 1727
Joined: Sun Aug 12, 2018 6:53 pm

Replenishment at Sea (RAS and UNREP)

Unread post by Little h »

This thread should be considered as 'a companion' to the Replenishment at Sea (RAS) Underway Replenishment (UNREP) - Incidents - All Navies/All Classes thread.

Earlier, I managed to retrieve the Replenishment at Sea (RAS and UNREP) thread from the WNSF archive - it carries 285 posts across 6 pages and has a considerable number of attachments/images worth viewing again (and again) so as a thread opening post complete with link to the archive WNSF thread it could be considered an excellent way to open this thread.

Here is a link to the archived WNSF thread - (opens at Page 1, posts 1 to 50):- Replenishment at Sea (RAS and UNREP)
Attachments available to view; Page 1, posts 1 to 50 ( 22 atachments); Page 2, posts 51 to 100 (19 attachments); Page 3, posts 101 to 150 (21 attachments); Page 4, posts 151 to 200 (35 attachments); Page 5, posts 201 to 250 (10 attachments); Page 6, posts 251 to 285, (26 attachments).

Unlike the 'Companion Thread' that records replenishments that have recorded incidents associated with the evolution - this thread offers/provides the means to record/discuss the vast majority (thousands) of such evolutions, that have been (and still are), conducted day and night without incident (or reported incidents); many of which can now be read on t'internet or viewed on sites like YouTube .... but; as is the case when conducting various naval evolutions - it is/was not without danger.
Little h
User avatar
Little h
Posts: 1727
Joined: Sun Aug 12, 2018 6:53 pm

Re: Replenishment at Sea (RAS and UNREP)

Unread post by Little h »

Short video (20 secs)

NavyLookout on twitter
@NavyLookout

Jet takes off from @HMSQNLZ while Replenishment at Sea underway with @RFATideforce

#Westlant19

______________________________________________________________________________

Another box ticked ;) or .... should we expect confirmation from the planeguard or Dragon (D35) off port beam to confirm it wasn't a 'bolter'.
Little h
User avatar
Little h
Posts: 1727
Joined: Sun Aug 12, 2018 6:53 pm

Re: Replenishment at Sea (RAS and UNREP)

Unread post by Little h »

Little h wrote: Mon Nov 11, 2019 6:37 pm Short video (20 secs)

NavyLookout on twitter
@NavyLookout

Jet takes off from @HMSQNLZ while Replenishment at Sea underway with @RFATideforce

#Westlant19


______________________________________________________________________________

Another box ticked ;) or .... should we expect confirmation from the planeguard or Dragon (D35) off port beam to confirm it wasn't a 'bolter'.
In the absence of resolve to the forum image downloading limit this link should satisfy the bolded passage above ;)


HMS Queen Elizabeth on twitter
‏Verified account @HMSQNLZ

11 years between these pictures; the RN has today again launched a jet from a carrier whilst replenishing at sea. This force-multiplier shows the Service's transformation in that time; Invincible to QE class, Wave to Tide class and Harrier to Lightning #WESTLANT19 #backinthegame
Little h
User avatar
Little h
Posts: 1727
Joined: Sun Aug 12, 2018 6:53 pm

Re: Replenishment at Sea (RAS and UNREP)

Unread post by Little h »

How USS COMSTOCK (LHD45) got it done in the Arabian Gulf
- (including a controlled emergency disconnect & breakaway during the 11th UNREP)

Pages 16 & 17 (18/19 of 36)
1 Screenshot (5485).jpg
1 Screenshot (5486).jpg


Page 18 (20/21 of 36)
1 Screenshot (5492).png
1 Screenshot (5493).png



Source; Sea Compass, Spring-Summer 2015 Published on Oct 1, 2015 via ISSUU
You do not have the required permissions to view the files attached to this post.
Little h
User avatar
Little h
Posts: 1727
Joined: Sun Aug 12, 2018 6:53 pm

Re: Replenishment at Sea (RAS and UNREP)

Unread post by Little h »

I've got so much stuff bookmarked that needs to be posted across a number of threads - so I decided to kick off with this topic from the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) site:-

Military Analysis Network

Surface Officer Warfare School
Division Officer Training (Code 20)


- Underway Watchstanding & Communications Procedures
Surface Combat Information Center
Air Combat Information Center
Sub Surface Combat Information Center
Connected Replenishment (CONREP) and viewgraphs
- Maintenance & Operational Readiness
Ship Silencing

INFORMATION SHEET

CONNECTED REPLENISHMENT

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Upon opening the link (above) you will be able to read the information contained in the various sections (A thru J inc) as listed below with titles:-

---------------------------------------

Information Sheet Number: 2.12

INTRODUCTION

The U. S. Navy's ability to project sea power over long ocean distances depends on the capability to sustain ships at sea for long periods. This is accomplished by being able to replenish ships underway. Requirements for fuel and food require warships to go alongside the replenishment ships at regular intervals. It requires special shiphandling skills to conn a ship alongside during such evolutions.

REFERENCES

(a) NWP 14 (Rev D) Replenishment at Sea
(b) Naval Shiphandling, Crenshaw
(c) Fleet Replenishment Guide
(d) Watch Officer's Guide
(e) SORM (OPNAVINST 3120.32C)
(f) Surface Ship Operations (NAVEDTRA 10776)

INFORMATION
A. SETTING UP:

B. WAITING STATION/LIFEGUARD STATION:

C. FLAG SIGNALS USED DURING CONREP:

D. COMMENCING THE APPROACH:

E. MAINTAINING STATION ALONGSIDE:

F. OTHER KEY BRIDGE PERSONNEL:

G. INFORMATION RECEIVED/ISSUED BY THE OOD DURING UNREP:

H. BREAKING AWAY:

I. EMERGENCY BREAKAWAY:

J. ADDITIONAL USES OF THE RADIAN RULE:
Little h
User avatar
Little h
Posts: 1727
Joined: Sun Aug 12, 2018 6:53 pm

Re: Replenishment at Sea (RAS and UNREP)

Unread post by Little h »

More from the Federal of American Scientists (FAS) site:-


Underway replenishment (UNREP)
In order to carry out the Navy's mission effectively, fleet units must be capable of remaining at sea for prolonged periods of time, possibly in areas of the world where friendly re-supply ports are not available, and remain fully ready to carry out any assigned tasks. Military Sealift Command (MSC) ships are equipped to replenish combatants underway with fuel, ammunition, provisions, and spare parts. As a result of underway replenishment techniques, the US Navy can remain mission ready to carry out US policy any where in the world.

The first significant underway replenishment (UNREP) operation at sea was with the collier USS Marcellus and the Navy warship USS Massachusetts in 1899. Since this first UNREP, many methods for transferring cargo have been tried. On board the USNS Rappahannock the two major methods of transferring dry cargo are via VERTREP with a helicopter, and wire highline utilizing a standard tensioned replenishment alongside method or STREAM rig.

Underway replenishment (UNREP) is a broad term applied to all methods of transferring fuel, munitions, supplies, and personnel from one ship to another while the vessels are underway. Two general methods of UNREP are used - connected (CONREP) and vertical (VERTREP). They may be used singly or at the same time. In connected replenishment, two or more ships steam side-by-side and the hoses and lines used to transfer fuel, ammunition, supplies, and personnel connect the ships.

Vertical replenishment is carried out by helicopters with the ships in close proximity, or miles apart depending on the tactical situation and the amount of cargo to be transferred. Connected replenishment involves two processes - refueling and re-supply. In fueling at sea (FAS), fuel is pumped from the delivering ship like the USNS Rappahannock, or a Navy vessel such as a fast combat support ship (AOE). Other replenishment ships such as the combat stores ship (AFS) and the ammunition ship (AE) can deliver fuel, but their primary mission is the delivery of dry cargo by methods referred to replenishment at sea (RAS).

There are several factors in favor of replenishment with the ships alongside each other instead of astern. First, by replenishing alongside, the oiler or other auxiliary ship, can service two ships at once, with multiple replenishment stations to each ship. Second, by replenishing alongside rather than astern, the whole formation of ships can maintain greater speed (up to 16 knots instead of the 7-8 knot maximum for astern refueling). Third, by replenishing alongside, both fuel and dry cargo can be transferred, instead of being limited to fuel only. Astern fueling does have a place in the replenishment plan, but it is generally limited to a tanker in convoy refueling the convoy escorts.

Underway replenishment techniques continue to advance with the introduction of new systems and equipment. STREAM stands for Standard Tensioned Replenishment Alongside Method and is utilized in both RAS and FAS evolutions. The STREAM rig is preferred over other connected replenishment methods as it permits greater ships separation.

When utilizing the STREAM rig for FAS operations a tensioned spanwire is suspended between the two ships. A series of hose saddles are attached to the spanwire by trolleys. The actual transfer hoses are then suspended in between the saddles. The receiving end of the hose rig is tipped with a coupling. A variety of fueling couplings may be used to ensure compatibility between the delivery and receiving ships. The most common is a probe fueling coupling. The probe may be used in the transfer of either DFM or JP-5 products. The probe itself has a latching mechanism that holds it in the receiver by spring force. The receiver is mounted on the receiving ship by a swivel arm. The swivel arm allows the receiver to move throughout the full working range of the receiving station, ensuring proper alignment prevents the probe from unseating. The probe assembly will unseat from the receiver when a 2,500 lb. line pull is applied. The receiver also has a manual release lever, which is the desired way to release the probe upon completion of the fuel transfer.
unrep-stream-1.jpg
unrep-stream-2.jpg

During RAS the STREAM transfer rig utilizes a tensioned wire highline suspended between two ships. The exact type of STREAM rig is dependent on the kind of cargo. In all rigs, cargo to be transferred is connected to a trolley, which rides on the highline. The trolley is moved between the ships by inhaul and outhaul winches located on the delivery ship. When using a STREAM rig with all tensioned wires, the wire rope outhaul is fairled through a SURF (Standard Underway Replenishment Fixture) block and attached to the outboard side of the trolley. The SURF is located on the receiving ship. A ram tensioner, located on the delivery ship, applies highline tension ensuring constant load support regardless of ship separation or motion. However, if ship separation becomes too great the amount of wire on the winch drum may be exceeded. A stream rig can handle loads up to 8,750 lbs. under ideal conditions.
img004.jpg


Continue reading the article here at FAS Military Analysis Network US Navy Ships

Sources and Resources

- Adapted from Replenishment at Sea @ USNS Rappahannock
- Connected Replenishment (CONREP) and viewgraphs - Surface Officer Warfare School
- Introduction to STREAM with viewgraphs Deck Officer / Surface Officer Warfare School
- STREAM Transfer Stations Deck Officer / Surface Officer Warfare School
- STAR/SURF/MK II Cargo Drop Reel/Heavy Lift Deck Officer / Surface Officer Warfare School
- Fuel STREAM Transfer Stations Deck Officer / Surface Officer Warfare School
- Underway Replenishment Planning Deck Officer / Surface Officer Warfare School

Updated Saturday, March 06, 1999 12:25:38 PM
You do not have the required permissions to view the files attached to this post.
Little h
Post Reply Previous topicNext topic

Return to “Ships/Boats Equipment”